If the companies would have used the same standards, then we could always just look at the plain bone density in g/cm 2, just like we look at cholesterol in mg/dl or weight in kg. A person would be about 6% higher on a Lunar machine than on a Hologic machine, even though both said they were reporting g/cm 2. But when the bone density machines became commercial, the different companies would not agree on a standard measurement. In the 1990's most people were using DEXA machines, which report units in g/cm 2. Later bone density was measured in large populations and the Z-scores were compared to the general population and not just to healthy people. The early bone density machines in the 1970's and early 1980's all used different kinds of units, so results were reported in Z-scores to allow comparisons to normal people. Converting T-scores to and from Z-scores.Femoral neck is lower than total hip in men.Convert T-scores for men and non-white races.
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